Roman Sword for the Traumatized Community: A Sociolinguistic Approach to Rom. 13:4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29357/2789-1577.2023.21.2.7Keywords:
Romans, persecution, displaced community, sword, vengeance, traumaAbstract
The article deals with the experience of first-century Christians traumatized by persecution, displacement, and other trials mentioned in the Epistle to Romans. Special attention is given to their expectations and the problem of justice. It is argued that the Apostle Paul’s pastoral approach to this problem has a strong eschatological aspect: he encouraged the suffering Roman believers to expect some expressions of God’s vengeance to be revealed during their lifetime. The Roman sword, mentioned in 13:4, can be seen as an instrument of God’s righteous wrath. This perception of human agency may be applicable (with some limitations) in the 21st-century context of Ukraine’s war for independence.
References
- deSilva, David A. “Paul, Honor, and Shame” in Paul in the Graeco-Roman World: A Handbook. Vol. II. Ed. J. Paul Sampley. London: T&T Clark, 2003. – Pp. 26-47.
- Ford, Julian D. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Science and Practice. Burlington, MA: Elsevier, 2009.
- Haddad, Najeeb T. Paul, Politics, and New Creation: Reconsidering Paul and Empire. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2021.
- Hanson, R. P. C. God: Creator, Saviour, Spirit. London: SCM Press, 1960.
- Hoekema, Anthony A. The Bible and the Future. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994. Keener, Craig C. Acts: An Exegetical Commentary. Vol. 3: 15:1 – 23:35. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academics, 2014.
- Kim, Seyoon. Christ and Caesar: The Gospel and the Roman Empire in the Writings of Paul and Luke. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2008.
- Moo, Douglas J. The Letter to the Romans. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996.
- Oakes, Peter. Philippians: From People to Letter. Society for New Testament Studies
- Monograph Series 110. Gen. ed. Richard Bauckham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
- ____. Reading Romans in Pompeii: Paul’s Letter at a Ground Level. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2009.
- Schreiner Thomas R. Romans. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academics, 2018. Suetonius, Gaius Tranquillus. The Twelve Caesars. Trans. Rober Graves. London: Penguin, 1957.
- Talbert, Charles H. Romans. Macon, GA: Smyth & Helwys, 2002.
- Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1996. Wu, Siu Fung. Suffering in Romans. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2016.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Yevgeny Ustinovich
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in the Journal are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
By submitting an article for publication in Theological Reflections: Eastern European Journal of Theology the author grants the editors the right to publish the article and distribute it in electronic and print form.
The author reserves all copyrights and the right to use the materials of the article in whole or in part for educational purposes, to write his own dissertations, to prepare abstracts, conference reports, oral presentations, etc., as well as post electronic copies of articles (including the final electronic version downloaded from the journal’s official website) on non-commercial web-resources without the consent of the editorial board and founders.